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USS Bowfin Submarine Museum & Park

the Admiral Clarey Bridge is part of O ahu, Kailua , Honolulu , Pearl Harbor .

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O'ahu - Honolulu - Pearl Harbor: USS Bowfin Submarine Museum and Park - Kaiten
Made by wallyg
The Kaiten, a World War II Japanese Suicide Torpedo, was basically an enlarged torpedo with a small cockpit, a periscope, and manual controls for steering, speed and depth. The name Kaiten means to make a radical reverse in the course of events. The Japanese hoped that this new secret weapon would have just such an effect on the course of the Pacific War in 1944. It had a pure oxygen-fed, kerosene burning 550 horsepower engine and a huge 3,000-pound explosive warhead, which could be detonated on impact or by an electrical switch controlled by the pilot. At top speed, Kaiten would travel 75 feet in just under one second. Kaiten were transported by submarine to firing position (3.5 to 4.5 miles from the target). A telephone line leading into each kaiten allowed the submarine's captain to provide last minute, pre-launch instructions regarding course, depth speed to help guide each kaiten to its target. As the securing cables were released, the telephone line would disconnect, leaving the pilot on his own to start his torpedo's engine and guideit on a collision course with the target. The upper hatch of a Kaiten was intended to be used as an escape device when the pilot was within 150 yards of the target. It is believed to have never been used as such. In all, 96 Kaiten pilots died (16 in training). The only Kaiten known to have sunk a U.S. Navy ship was piloted by LTJG Sekio Nishina, who hit the fleet oiler USS Mississinew (AD-59) in November 1944. The USS Bowfin Submarine Museum and Park opened in 1981 next to the USS Arizona Memorial Visitor Center in Pearl Harbor. The centerpiece of the museum is the , which is open for public tours. Adjacent to the Bowfin is a 10,000 square foot museum which exhibits an impressive collection of submarine-related artifacts such as submarine weapon systems, photographs, paintings, battleflags, original recruiting posters, and detailed submarine models, all illustrating the history of the U.S. Submarine Service. Numerous submarine-related artifacts litter the grounds around the park, which also features the Waterfront Memorial, a public memorial honoring the 52 American submarines and the more than 3,500 submariners lost during World War II.


Bowfin Fantail and Admiral Clarey Bridge
Made by wallyg
Admiral Clarey Bridge, also known as the Ford Island Bridge, carries automobile traffic across Pearl Harbor to Ford Island. The causeway bridge was completed and opened in 1998. The bridge, named after Admiral Bernard A. Clarey, a World War II submarine commander, carries a total length of 4,700 feet including a 930 pontoon section that can be retracted to allows water traffic to pass through. Prior to the bridge, access to the restricted Military island, was limited to ferryboat. USS Bowfin (SS/AGSS-287), a United States Navy Balao-class fleet attack submarine, was laid down by the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard at Kittery, Maine on July 23, 1942; launched one year after the attack on Pearl Harbor, on December 7, 1942 by Mrs. Jane Gawne, wife of Captain James Orville Gawne; and commissioned on May 1, 1943, Commander Joseph H. Willingham in command. Nicknamed the Pearl Harbor Avenger, the 311-foot, 8-inch long Bowfin and her 80-man crew are credited with sinking 16 Japanese vessels (and many more uncredited) with a total tonnage of 67,882 tons during the course of her nine patrols over two years of World War II duty. At the war's end, Bowfin left Pearl Harbor for active duty with the Atlantic Fleet. She later served as a reserve training boat in Seattle, Washington, until her decommissioning at Pearl Harbor in 1971. The USS Bowfin Submarine Museum and Park opened in 1981 next to the USS Arizona Memorial Visitor Center in Pearl Harbor. The centerpiece of the museum is the World War II submarine USS Bowfin (SS-287), which is open for public tours. Adjacent to the Bowfin is a 10,000 square foot museum which exhibits an impressive collection of submarine-related artifacts such as submarine weapon systems, photographs, paintings, battleflags, original recruiting posters, and detailed submarine models, all illustrating the history of the U.S. Submarine Service. Numerous submarine-related artifacts litter the grounds around the park, which also features the , a public memorial honoring the 52 American submarines and the more than 3,500 submariners lost during World War II. National Register #82000149 (1982)


O'ahu - Honolulu - Pearl Harbor: USS Bowfin Submarine Museum and Park - Waterfront Memorial USS Growler and USS Bowfin
Made by wallyg
The Waterfront Memorial, located within Bowfin Park, stands in tribute to the 52 American submarines and the more than 3,500 submariners who made the ultimate sacrifice for their nation during World War II. Championed by the Pacific Fleet Submarine Memorial Association, the Waterfront Memorial was officially dedicated on May 11, 1992. The 52 monuments chronicle the wartime career of each of the lost submarines and list the names of the officers and enlisted men who are on eternal patrol with their vessels. An additional monument lists the names of submariners who where lost in the line of duty, although their vessels were not sunk. USS Bowfin (SS/AGSS-287), a United States Navy Balao-class fleet attack submarine, was laid down by the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard at Kittery, Maine on July 23, 1942; launched one year after the attack on Pearl Harbor, on December 7, 1942 by Mrs. Jane Gawne, wife of Captain James Orville Gawne; and commissioned on May 1, 1943, Commander Joseph H. Willingham in command. Nicknamed the Pearl Harbor Avenger, the 311-foot, 8-inch long Bowfin and her 80-man crew are credited with sinking 16 Japanese vessels (and many more uncredited) with a total tonnage of 67,882 tons during the course of her nine patrols over two years of World War II duty. At the war's end, Bowfin left Pearl Harbor for active duty with the Atlantic Fleet. She later served as a reserve training boat in Seattle, Washington, until her decommissioning at Pearl Harbor in 1971. The USS Bowfin Submarine Museum and Park opened in 1981 next to the USS Arizona Memorial Visitor Center in Pearl Harbor. The centerpiece of the museum is the , which is open for public tours. Adjacent to the Bowfin is a 10,000 square foot museum which exhibits an impressive collection of submarine-related artifacts such as submarine weapon systems, photographs, paintings, battleflags, original recruiting posters, and detailed submarine models, all illustrating the history of the U.S. Submarine Service. Numerous submarine-related artifacts litter the grounds around the park. National Register #82000149 (1982)


O'ahu - Honolulu - Pearl Harbor: USS Bowfin Submarine Museum and Park - USS F-4 Headstone
Made by wallyg
This memorial headstone for the USS F-4 was the first and only memorial stone to be released from Arlington National Cemetery where it stood for 85 years. In May, 2000, it was replaced with one engraved with the names of the victims from the USS F-4 submarine loss. Arlington policy requires when a new headstone is made, the old one is ground up. However, submarine veterans worked feverishly for two years to save this sacred stone, and in a ceremony on April 6, 2001, it was dedicated at Bowfin Park. The F-4 (SS-23) became the U.S. Navy's first submarine disaster when it sank in Honolulu Harbor on March 25, 1915. The F-4 and her three sister sea wasps as they were called, left on routine maneuvers. When the F-4 failed to return to port, a search was initiated and she was located near the mouth of Honolulu harbor in 305 feet of water. The F-4 was finally raised on August 29, 1915. Damaged beyond repair, she was stricken from Navy lists two days later. The reason for her sinking was never established, though an investigation board blamed corrosion of rivets and plates, allowing sea water to enter the battery compartment, causing an explosion. Twenty one lives were lost in the F-4 disaster--nineteen crew and two officers. The USS Bowfin Submarine Museum and Park opened in 1981 next to the USS Arizona Memorial Visitor Center in Pearl Harbor. The centerpiece of the museum is the , which is open for public tours. Adjacent to the Bowfin is a 10,000 square foot museum which exhibits an impressive collection of submarine-related artifacts such as submarine weapon systems, photographs, paintings, battleflags, original recruiting posters, and detailed submarine models, all illustrating the history of the U.S. Submarine Service. Numerous submarine-related artifacts litter the grounds around the park, which also features the Waterfront Memorial, a public memorial honoring the 52 American submarines and the more than 3,500 submariners lost during World War II.


O'ahu - Honolulu - Pearl Harbor: USS Bowfin Submarine Museum and Park - USS Bowfin
Made by wallyg
USS Bowfin (SS/AGSS-287), a United States Navy Balao-class fleet attack submarine, was laid down by the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard at Kittery, Maine on July 23, 1942; launched one year after the attack on Pearl Harbor, on December 7, 1942 by Mrs. Jane Gawne, wife of Captain James Orville Gawne; and commissioned on May 1, 1943, Commander Joseph H. Willingham in command. Nicknamed the Pearl Harbor Avenger, the 311-foot, 8-inch long Bowfin and her 80-man crew are credited with sinking 16 Japanese vessels (and many more uncredited) with a total tonnage of 67,882 tons during the course of her nine patrols over two years of World War II duty. At the war's end, Bowfin left Pearl Harbor for active duty with the Atlantic Fleet. She later served as a reserve training boat in Seattle, Washington, until her decommissioning at Pearl Harbor in 1971. The USS Bowfin Submarine Museum and Park opened in 1981 next to the USS Arizona Memorial Visitor Center in Pearl Harbor. The centerpiece of the museum is the World War II submarine USS Bowfin (SS-287), which is open for public tours. Adjacent to the Bowfin is a 10,000 square foot museum which exhibits an impressive collection of submarine-related artifacts such as submarine weapon systems, photographs, paintings, battleflags, original recruiting posters, and detailed submarine models, all illustrating the history of the U.S. Submarine Service. Numerous submarine-related artifacts litter the grounds around the park, which also features the Waterfront Memorial, a public memorial honoring the 52 American submarines and the more than 3,500 submariners lost during World War II. National Register #82000149 (1982)


O'ahu - Honolulu - Pearl Harbor: USS Bowfin Submarine Museum and Park - C-3 Forward Ballistic Missile
Made by wallyg
The C-3 Forward Ballistic Missile was capable of being launched from a submerged Fleet Ballistic Missle (FBM) submarine. Outfitted with multiple independently-targetable re-entry vehicle (MIRV) warheads, the C-3 was twice as accurate and had twice the explosive power of the A-3. The first submarine to carry and launch a C-3 missile was the USS James Madison (SSBN-627) in August of 1970. This mock-up missile was donated by the U.S. Navy through Lockheed Missile and Space Company, which manufactured the C-3 Missiles for the Navy. It measures 32 feet long with a 74-inch diameter. The mockup weighs 12,000 pounds, but the deployable missile weighed 65,000 pounds. The USS Bowfin Submarine Museum and Park opened in 1981 next to the USS Arizona Memorial Visitor Center in Pearl Harbor. The centerpiece of the museum is the , which is open for public tours. Adjacent to the Bowfin is a 10,000 square foot museum which exhibits an impressive collection of submarine-related artifacts such as submarine weapon systems, photographs, paintings, battleflags, original recruiting posters, and detailed submarine models, all illustrating the history of the U.S. Submarine Service. Numerous submarine-related artifacts litter the grounds around the park, which also features the Waterfront Memorial, a public memorial honoring the 52 American submarines and the more than 3,500 submariners lost during World War II.


O'ahu - Honolulu - Pearl Harbor: USS Bowfin Submarine Museum and Park - Louisville Slugger Bats
Made by wallyg
After learning of USS Louisville's historic Tomahawk missile launch, the Hillerick and Bradsby Company, makers of the Louisville Slugger baseball bat, commissioned this special, limited edition bat. Company president John w. Hillerich presented one of these bats to each member of Louisville's crew upon the submarine's return to San Diego on April 29, 1991 following her historic deployment in the Red Sea. A second Louisville Slugger was presented to the crew of the USS Lousville (SSN-724) in recognition of its participation in Operation Iraqi Freedom. The USS Bowfin Submarine Museum and Park opened in 1981 next to the USS Arizona Memorial Visitor Center in Pearl Harbor. The centerpiece of the museum is the , which is open for public tours. Adjacent to the Bowfin is a 10,000 square foot museum which exhibits an impressive collection of submarine-related artifacts such as submarine weapon systems, photographs, paintings, battleflags, original recruiting posters, and detailed submarine models, all illustrating the history of the U.S. Submarine Service. Numerous submarine-related artifacts litter the grounds around the park, which also features the Waterfront Memorial, a public memorial honoring the 52 American submarines and the more than 3,500 submariners lost during World War II.


O'ahu - Honolulu - Pearl Harbor: USS Bowfin Submarine Museum and Park - Mark V Mod 1 Helium/Oxygen Deep Sea Diving Rig
Made by wallyg
The Mark V Mod 1 diving suit, is typical of diving equipment used by both Navy and civilians for deep sea salvage and submarine rescue operations since its invention in 1838 until the late 1980s. The Mod 1 refers to the rear of the helmet, which is used to mix helium and oxygen for the diver to breathe. By substituting helium for the nitrogen we usually breathe, the diver can dive deeper, remain clear headed, and return to the surface with less change of having nitrogen bubbles form in his bloodstream, causing the often fatal bends. The USS Bowfin Submarine Museum and Park opened in 1981 next to the USS Arizona Memorial Visitor Center in Pearl Harbor. The centerpiece of the museum is the , which is open for public tours. Adjacent to the Bowfin is a 10,000 square foot museum which exhibits an impressive collection of submarine-related artifacts such as submarine weapon systems, photographs, paintings, battleflags, original recruiting posters, and detailed submarine models, all illustrating the history of the U.S. Submarine Service. Numerous submarine-related artifacts litter the grounds around the park, which also features the Waterfront Memorial, a public memorial honoring the 52 American submarines and the more than 3,500 submariners lost during World War II.


O'ahu - Honolulu - Pearl Harbor: USS Bowfin Submarine Museum and Park - Ballast Control Panel
Made by wallyg
This is an authentic control panel from one of the early ballistic missile submarines. The Chief of Watch stood at this station, controlling the main ballast tanks which allowed the submarine to dive and surface. To submerge, the tanks were filled with water. to surface,t he ranks were emptied--this was referred to as blowing the ballast. From this same station he operated the seven variable ballast tanks and the trim system. The water was moved around to control the ballast and level the submarine. The USS Bowfin Submarine Museum and Park opened in 1981 next to the USS Arizona Memorial Visitor Center in Pearl Harbor. The centerpiece of the museum is the , which is open for public tours. Adjacent to the Bowfin is a 10,000 square foot museum which exhibits an impressive collection of submarine-related artifacts such as submarine weapon systems, photographs, paintings, battleflags, original recruiting posters, and detailed submarine models, all illustrating the history of the U.S. Submarine Service. Numerous submarine-related artifacts litter the grounds around the park, which also features the Waterfront Memorial, a public memorial honoring the 52 American submarines and the more than 3,500 submariners lost during World War II.


O'ahu - Honolulu - Pearl Harbor: USS Bowfin Submarine Museum and Park - Waterfront Memorial - USS Wahoo
Made by wallyg
The Waterfront Memorial, located within Bowfin Park, stands in tribute to the 52 American submarines and the more than 3,500 submariners who made the ultimate sacrifice for their nation during World War II. Championed by the Pacific Fleet Submarine Memorial Association, the Waterfront Memorial was officially dedicated on May 11, 1992. The 52 monuments chronicle the wartime career of each of the lost submarines and list the names of the officers and enlisted men who are on eternal patrol with their vessels. An additional monument lists the names of submariners who where lost in the line of duty, although their vessels were not sunk. The USS Bowfin Submarine Museum and Park opened in 1981 next to the USS Arizona Memorial Visitor Center in Pearl Harbor. The centerpiece of the museum is the , which is open for public tours. Adjacent to the Bowfin is a 10,000 square foot museum which exhibits an impressive collection of submarine-related artifacts such as submarine weapon systems, photographs, paintings, battleflags, original recruiting posters, and detailed submarine models, all illustrating the history of the U.S. Submarine Service. Numerous submarine-related artifacts litter the grounds around the park. National Register #82000149 (1982)


O'ahu - Honolulu - Pearl Harbor: USS Bowfin Submarine Museum and Park - Fire Control System
Made by wallyg
These panels from a Mark 80 fire control system were designed to be carried aboard an early Polaris missile submarine. On the left is the Missile Test and Readiness Equipment Panel, which monitored the status of the 16 nuclear armed Polar missiles to ensure they were fit for launching. The Fire Control System Panel was part of the complex apparatus needed to launch the missiles. The USS Bowfin Submarine Museum and Park opened in 1981 next to the USS Arizona Memorial Visitor Center in Pearl Harbor. The centerpiece of the museum is the , which is open for public tours. Adjacent to the Bowfin is a 10,000 square foot museum which exhibits an impressive collection of submarine-related artifacts such as submarine weapon systems, photographs, paintings, battleflags, original recruiting posters, and detailed submarine models, all illustrating the history of the U.S. Submarine Service. Numerous submarine-related artifacts litter the grounds around the park, which also features the Waterfront Memorial, a public memorial honoring the 52 American submarines and the more than 3,500 submariners lost during World War II.


O'ahu - Honolulu - Pearl Harbor: USS Bowfin Submarine Museum and Park - Snorkel Head Valve
Made by wallyg
The snorkel head valve, first developed by the Dutch Navy, fell into the hands of the German Navy and was made operational for U-boats in 1944. It was utilized by the US Navy after World War II. The device permits submarines to cruise indefinitely at per scope depth and to recharge batteries and replenish fresh air inside the boat, as well as expelling exhaust gas. The USS Bowfin Submarine Museum and Park opened in 1981 next to the USS Arizona Memorial Visitor Center in Pearl Harbor. The centerpiece of the museum is the , which is open for public tours. Adjacent to the Bowfin is a 10,000 square foot museum which exhibits an impressive collection of submarine-related artifacts such as submarine weapon systems, photographs, paintings, battleflags, original recruiting posters, and detailed submarine models, all illustrating the history of the U.S. Submarine Service. Numerous submarine-related artifacts litter the grounds around the park, which also features the Waterfront Memorial, a public memorial honoring the 52 American submarines and the more than 3,500 submariners lost during World War II.


art
Made by wallyg
The bell from the USS Narwahal, commissioned in 1930 and one of the four submarines at Pearl Harbor during the 1941 attack. This Underwood typewriter saw extensive service in Submarine Division 19 from the late 1920s through WWII. Note the original copy of the message from CINCAF to ASIATIC FLEET, ASIATIC STATION informing them of the Japanese attack, 7 DEC 41. The USS Bowfin Submarine Museum and Park opened in 1981 next to the USS Arizona Memorial Visitor Center in Pearl Harbor. The centerpiece of the museum is the , which is open for public tours. Adjacent to the Bowfin is a 10,000 square foot museum which exhibits an impressive collection of submarine-related artifacts such as submarine weapon systems, photographs, paintings, battleflags, original recruiting posters, and detailed submarine models, all illustrating the history of the U.S. Submarine Service. Numerous submarine-related artifacts litter the grounds around the park, which also features the Waterfront Memorial, a public memorial honoring the 52 American submarines and the more than 3,500 submariners lost during World War II.


O'ahu - Honolulu - Pearl Harbor: USS Bowfin Submarine Museum and Park - Regulus
Made by wallyg
The SSM-N-8A Regulus cruise missile was the submarine launched nuclear deterrent weapon employed by the United States Navy from 1955 to 1964. The 32-feet, 2-inch long missile, with a diamater of 4-feet, 8.5 inches, carried 3,000 pounds of warhead such as the W5 or W27. It could travel 500 nautical miles at subsonic speed. The USS Bowfin Submarine Museum and Park opened in 1981 next to the USS Arizona Memorial Visitor Center in Pearl Harbor. The centerpiece of the museum is the , which is open for public tours. Adjacent to the Bowfin is a 10,000 square foot museum which exhibits an impressive collection of submarine-related artifacts such as submarine weapon systems, photographs, paintings, battleflags, original recruiting posters, and detailed submarine models, all illustrating the history of the U.S. Submarine Service. Numerous submarine-related artifacts litter the grounds around the park, which also features the Waterfront Memorial, a public memorial honoring the 52 American submarines and the more than 3,500 submariners lost during World War II.


O'ahu - Honolulu - Pearl Harbor: USS Bowfin Submarine Museum and Park - Dive Stand
Made by wallyg
This dive stand was removed from the control room of the decomissioned fast attack submarine USS Swordfish (SSN-S79) and reassembled here by members of her crew. It was officially presented to the USS Bowfin Submarine Museum on October 19, 1988 by Swordfish's last commanding officer, CDR Michael L. McNugh, and his men. The USS Bowfin Submarine Museum and Park opened in 1981 next to the USS Arizona Memorial Visitor Center in Pearl Harbor. The centerpiece of the museum is the , which is open for public tours. Adjacent to the Bowfin is a 10,000 square foot museum which exhibits an impressive collection of submarine-related artifacts such as submarine weapon systems, photographs, paintings, battleflags, original recruiting posters, and detailed submarine models, all illustrating the history of the U.S. Submarine Service. Numerous submarine-related artifacts litter the grounds around the park, which also features the Waterfront Memorial, a public memorial honoring the 52 American submarines and the more than 3,500 submariners lost during World War II.


O'ahu - Honolulu - Pearl Harbor: USS Bowfin Submarine Museum and Park - Ha-19 Propeller
Made by wallyg
One of two contra-rotating propellers taken from the Japanese midget submarine Ha-19. Damage to the blades was sustained when Ha-19 ran aground on a a reef near Bellows Air Field, on the Windward side of Oahu, on December 8, 1941. The USS Bowfin Submarine Museum and Park opened in 1981 next to the USS Arizona Memorial Visitor Center in Pearl Harbor. The centerpiece of the museum is the , which is open for public tours. Adjacent to the Bowfin is a 10,000 square foot museum which exhibits an impressive collection of submarine-related artifacts such as submarine weapon systems, photographs, paintings, battleflags, original recruiting posters, and detailed submarine models, all illustrating the history of the U.S. Submarine Service. Numerous submarine-related artifacts litter the grounds around the park, which also features the Waterfront Memorial, a public memorial honoring the 52 American submarines and the more than 3,500 submariners lost during World War II.


Ford Island Bridge, Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
Made by Thad Roan - Bridgepix
Bridgepixing the Ford Island Bridge, (aka Admiral Clarey Bridge), built 1998, a pontoon bridge next to the USS Arizona Memorial at Pearl Harbor, Honolulu, Hawaii. Additional Bridge Photos and a Bridge Blog at www.Bridgepix.com. Admiral Clarey Bridge is an automobile causeway providing access to Ford Island, a US Navy installation situated in the middle of Pearl Harbor. The causeway bridge was completed and opened in 1998, named the Admiral Clarey Bridge after former CinCPac, Admiral Bernard A. Clarey. Prior to the bridge being built, vehicle access to Ford Island was provided via ferryboat. Two ferries served the island, the older YFB 83 and newer YFB 87, both powered by diesel engines. The letters YFB stand for Yard Ferry Boat. The ferries were operated by US Navy personnel. Access to the island was restricted to military personnel, military dependents, and their invited guests. (Wikipedia)


Bowfin's First Battle Flag
Made by wallyg
The USS Bowfin's first battle flag was made by members Danny Chastrain, and Reid Lee, during her sixth patrol. The character is a walking fin wearing a bow tie. The USS Bowfin Submarine Museum and Park opened in 1981 next to the USS Arizona Memorial Visitor Center in Pearl Harbor. The centerpiece of the museum is the , which is open for public tours. Adjacent to the Bowfin is a 10,000 square foot museum which exhibits an impressive collection of submarine-related artifacts such as submarine weapon systems, photographs, paintings, battleflags, original recruiting posters, and detailed submarine models, all illustrating the history of the U.S. Submarine Service. Numerous submarine-related artifacts litter the grounds around the park, which also features the Waterfront Memorial, a public memorial honoring the 52 American submarines and the more than 3,500 submariners lost during World War II.


Maneuvering Room
Made by cliff1066™
Electric power to run the motors is provided from diesel engine driven generators while on the surface and large electrical batteries while submerged. Electricians on duty in the maneuvering room control the source of the power and the submarine's speed with the set of silver levers at the rear of the power cubicle or cage and with the various controls and meters on the panel above the levers. The speed of the diesel engines is also controlled from here. The levers switch the generators' output between providing power to the electric motors or to recharging the batteries or some combination. The two brass boxes on either side of the panel are the Motor Order Telegraphs used to pass orders to the maneuvering watch crewmen such as All Ahead, Flank, etc. The orders are acknowledge by repeating the indicated order using the brass knob below the face on each device.The top two circular dials are the Shaft revolution indicator.


USS Bowfin
Made by cliff1066™
The Black equipment on the right is the FM Sonar. This top-secret device was added to Bowfin after her 6th war patrol, and sounded an alarm as the submarine approached mines. It was used on her 9th war patrol when she transited the dangerous Tsushima Straits into the Sea of Japan on a special mission called Operation Barney in late May 1945. Grey equipment on the left is the Sonar. On a fully submerged submarine of World War II, radar was rendered useless, and observations through the periscope were, by necessity and design limitations, extremely limited. The submarine had to depend chiefly on listening. Sonar (SOund Navigation And Ranging) became the ears of the boat by using hydrophones to detect and track targets. Sonic (JP) gear is useful for picking up targets at great distances. Sounds appear more natural and are more easily recognized than those produced by supersonic gear.